linux下简单的dhcp服务搭建

浏览数：23 / 时间：2015年06月20日

今天，和大家分享一下本人做dhcp（Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol）实验的一些收获。

本实验是拿一台linux（rhel6.3）机器做dhcp服务器，一台windows7机器做客户端。
这里就不介绍dhcp服务的原理了。
首先，先安装dhcp软件包：
[root@localhost /]# yum install dhcp -y#前提是事先已经搭建好yum源。

然后vim查看一下该服务服务器端的主配置文件：
[root@localhost /]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
#see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
#see ‘man 5 dhcpd.conf‘
#
初始配置文件提示说可以参考配置样本，那么，把样本文件直接拷到配置目录下：
[root@localhost /]# cp usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

再次vim查看一下配置文件：
[root@localhost /]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
# dhcpd.conf
#
# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd
#

# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.
#ddns-update-style none;

# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;

# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;

# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.

subnet 10.152.187.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
}

# This is a very basic subnet declaration.

subnet 10.254.239.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
range 10.254.239.10 10.254.239.20;
option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;
}

# This declaration allows BOOTP clients to get dynamic addresses,
# which we don‘t really recommend.

subnet 10.254.239.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
range dynamic-bootp 10.254.239.40 10.254.239.60;
option broadcast-address 10.254.239.31;
option routers rtr-239-32-1.example.org;
}

# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
option domain-name "internal.example.org";
option routers 10.5.5.1;
option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
}

# Hosts which require special configuration options can be listed in
# host statements.If no address is specified, the address will be
# allocated dynamically (if possible), but the host-specific information
# will still come from the host declaration.

host passacaglia {
hardware ethernet 0:0:c0:5d:bd:95;
filename "vmunix.passacaglia";
server-name "toccata.fugue.com";
}

# Fixed IP addresses can also be specified for hosts.These addresses
# should not also be listed as being available for dynamic assignment.
# Hosts for which fixed IP addresses have been specified can boot using
# BOOTP or DHCP.Hosts for which no fixed address is specified can only
# be booted with DHCP, unless there is an address range on the subnet
# to which a BOOTP client is connected which has the dynamic-bootp flag
# set.
host fantasia {
hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5;
fixed-address fantasia.fugue.com;
}

# You can declare a class of clients and then do address allocation
# based on that.The example below shows a case where all clients
# in a certain class get addresses on the 10.17.224/24 subnet, and all
# other clients get addresses on the 10.0.29/24 subnet.

class "foo" {
match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 4) = "SUNW";
}

shared-network 224-29 {
subnet 10.17.224.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers rtr-224.example.org;
}
subnet 10.0.29.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers rtr-29.example.org;
}
pool {
allow members of "foo";
range 10.17.224.10 10.17.224.250;
}
pool {
deny members of "foo";
range 10.0.29.10 10.0.29.230;
}
}

嘿！内容有点多啊，由于本次实验要求不是很高，所以在这里我把一些内容删减并更改一下。

default-lease-time 600;#默认租约时间为600秒
max-lease-time 7200;#ip最大回收时间为7200秒
subnet 10.15.15.0 netmask 255.255.255.0#动态ip网段及其子网掩码
{
range 10.15.15.1 10.15.15.250;#ip地址范围为1～250
option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;#动态分配DNS为8.8.8.8
option domain-name "sxkeji.com";#动态分配域名为sxkeji.com
option routers 10.15.15.254;#动态分配网关ip，也就是定义默认路由
}
host win7#给特定mac地址的主机绑定一个ip
{
hardwareethernet 00:0C:29:C1:48:F1;#绑定主机的mac地址,要事先记下该主机的mac地址
fixed-address 10.15.15.37;#绑定的ip地址
}

修改并保存配置文件后，刷新一下dhcp服务吧。
[root@localhost dhcp]# service dhcpd restart
正在启动 dhcpd：[确定]
然后，来试试效果吧。