Linux中ioctl()函数命令字生成

在应用层调用ioctl()函数的时候,该函数第二个参数是cmd,如下调用:

ret = ioctl(ppp_dev_fd, PPPIOCGIDLE, ip) ;
看下cmd的格式:
/* get idle time */
#define PPPIOCGIDLE	_IOR('t', 63, struct ppp_idle) 
然后就有的研究了。


通过ioctl()函数的cmd,下发需要底层响应的命令。cmd命令的大小32位,分成4个部分:
bit31~bit30:“区别读写” 区,作用是区分是读取命令还是写入命令;
bit29~bit16:“数据大小” 区,表示 ioctl() 中的 arg 变量传送的内存大小。
bit15~bit8  :魔数(也称为"幻数")区,这个值用以与其它设备驱动程序的 ioctl 命令进行区别。
bit7~bit0    :“区别序号”区,是区分命令的命令顺序序号。

比如,对于以上的PPPIOCGIDLE命令,

#define _IOR(type,nr,size)	_IOC(_IOC_READ,(type),(nr),(_IOC_TYPECHECK(size)))
_IOC_READ:这是读取命令,定义如下:
/*
 * Direction bits.
 */
#define _IOC_NONE	0U
#define _IOC_WRITE	1U
#define _IOC_READ	2U

_IOC_TYPECHECK:/* provoke compile error for invalid uses of size argument */

/* provoke compile error for invalid uses of size argument */
#define _IOC_SIZEBITS	14
extern unsigned int __invalid_size_argument_for_IOC;
#define _IOC_TYPECHECK(t) 	((sizeof(t) == sizeof(t[1]) && 	  sizeof(t) < (1 << _IOC_SIZEBITS)) ? 	  sizeof(t) : __invalid_size_argument_for_IOC)
_IOC_SIZEBITS之所以被定义为14,因为size字段占了32位中的14位(bit29~bit16


所以,PPPIOCGIDLE命令等价于:

#define PPPIOCGIDLE <--->
(2 << 30) | ('t' << 8) | (63 << 0) | (size << 16)


参考Linux内核文件:include/asm-generic/ioctl.h

#ifndef _ASM_GENERIC_IOCTL_H
#define _ASM_GENERIC_IOCTL_H

/* ioctl command encoding: 32 bits total, command in lower 16 bits,
 * size of the parameter structure in the lower 14 bits of the
 * upper 16 bits.
 * Encoding the size of the parameter structure in the ioctl request
 * is useful for catching programs compiled with old versions
 * and to avoid overwriting user space outside the user buffer area.
 * The highest 2 bits are reserved for indicating the ``access mode''.
 * NOTE: This limits the max parameter size to 16kB -1 !
 */

/*
 * The following is for compatibility across the various Linux
 * platforms.  The generic ioctl numbering scheme doesn't really enforce
 * a type field.  De facto, however, the top 8 bits of the lower 16
 * bits are indeed used as a type field, so we might just as well make
 * this explicit here.  Please be sure to use the decoding macros
 * below from now on.
 */
#define _IOC_NRBITS	8
#define _IOC_TYPEBITS	8
#define _IOC_SIZEBITS	14
#define _IOC_DIRBITS	2

#define _IOC_NRMASK	((1 << _IOC_NRBITS)-1)
#define _IOC_TYPEMASK	((1 << _IOC_TYPEBITS)-1)
#define _IOC_SIZEMASK	((1 << _IOC_SIZEBITS)-1)
#define _IOC_DIRMASK	((1 << _IOC_DIRBITS)-1)

#define _IOC_NRSHIFT	0
#define _IOC_TYPESHIFT	(_IOC_NRSHIFT+_IOC_NRBITS)
#define _IOC_SIZESHIFT	(_IOC_TYPESHIFT+_IOC_TYPEBITS)
#define _IOC_DIRSHIFT	(_IOC_SIZESHIFT+_IOC_SIZEBITS)

/*
 * Direction bits.
 */
#define _IOC_NONE	0U
#define _IOC_WRITE	1U
#define _IOC_READ	2U

#define _IOC(dir,type,nr,size) 	(((dir)  << _IOC_DIRSHIFT) | 	 ((type) << _IOC_TYPESHIFT) | 	 ((nr)   << _IOC_NRSHIFT) | 	 ((size) << _IOC_SIZESHIFT))

/* provoke compile error for invalid uses of size argument */
extern unsigned int __invalid_size_argument_for_IOC;
#define _IOC_TYPECHECK(t) 	((sizeof(t) == sizeof(t[1]) && 	  sizeof(t) < (1 << _IOC_SIZEBITS)) ? 	  sizeof(t) : __invalid_size_argument_for_IOC)

/* used to create numbers */
#define _IO(type,nr)		_IOC(_IOC_NONE,(type),(nr),0)
#define _IOR(type,nr,size)	_IOC(_IOC_READ,(type),(nr),(_IOC_TYPECHECK(size)))
#define _IOW(type,nr,size)	_IOC(_IOC_WRITE,(type),(nr),(_IOC_TYPECHECK(size)))
#define _IOWR(type,nr,size)	_IOC(_IOC_READ|_IOC_WRITE,(type),(nr),(_IOC_TYPECHECK(size)))
#define _IOR_BAD(type,nr,size)	_IOC(_IOC_READ,(type),(nr),sizeof(size))
#define _IOW_BAD(type,nr,size)	_IOC(_IOC_WRITE,(type),(nr),sizeof(size))
#define _IOWR_BAD(type,nr,size)	_IOC(_IOC_READ|_IOC_WRITE,(type),(nr),sizeof(size))

/* used to decode ioctl numbers.. */
#define _IOC_DIR(nr)		(((nr) >> _IOC_DIRSHIFT) & _IOC_DIRMASK)
#define _IOC_TYPE(nr)		(((nr) >> _IOC_TYPESHIFT) & _IOC_TYPEMASK)
#define _IOC_NR(nr)		(((nr) >> _IOC_NRSHIFT) & _IOC_NRMASK)
#define _IOC_SIZE(nr)		(((nr) >> _IOC_SIZESHIFT) & _IOC_SIZEMASK)

/* ...and for the drivers/sound files... */

#define IOC_IN		(_IOC_WRITE << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)
#define IOC_OUT		(_IOC_READ << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)
#define IOC_INOUT	((_IOC_WRITE|_IOC_READ) << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)
#define IOCSIZE_MASK	(_IOC_SIZEMASK << _IOC_SIZESHIFT)
#define IOCSIZE_SHIFT	(_IOC_SIZESHIFT)

#endif /* _ASM_GENERIC_IOCTL_H */

郑重声明:本站内容如果来自互联网及其他传播媒体,其版权均属原媒体及文章作者所有。转载目的在于传递更多信息及用于网络分享,并不代表本站赞同其观点和对其真实性负责,也不构成任何其他建议。