IOS定位核心与地图

IOS定位核心与地图

Core Location以及Map框架包通常能给我们的应用程序添加定位和地图相关的服务。Core Location框架包通常是使用硬件设备来进行定位服务的，Map框架包通常能够使你的应用程序做一些地图展示与交互的相关功能。地图的定位服务一般需要依赖设备的硬件组成部分。如果有定位的硬件设备，那么肯定是可以利用地图框架包来进行地图的一些相关的操作。

为了能够在项目中使用到位置服务以及地图展示的相关功能，你必须要导入Core Location 和Map这两个框架包。如果你不知道怎么做，那么请参照如下步骤。

1.点击你的项目工程图标文件。

2.然后选择target选项，如图1所示。

3.然后选择Build Phase模块栏。

4.然后点开Link Binary With Libraries栏目，在点击+号按钮。

图1 添加相关的框架包

5.添加MapKit.framework和CoreLocation.framework这两个库

6.在使用地图和定位的地方，导入：

#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>

#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>

MKMapView是UIView的子类，所以可以像一个普通的View一样添加到ViewController的View当中。

以下是相关的代码

ViewController.h

1. #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
2. #import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
3. #import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
4. #import "MyAnnotation.h"
5.  
6. @interface ViewController : UIViewController <MKMapViewDelegate,CLLocationManagerDelegate>
7.  
8. // MapView
9. @property (nonatomic,strong) MKMapView *myMapView;// 地图控件
10. // LocationManager
11. @property (nonatomic,strong) CLLocationManager *myLocationManager;// 位置管理器
12. @property (nonatomic,strong) CLGeocoder *myGeoCoder ;// 地理位置和真实地址转换
13. @end

ViewController.m

1. #import "ViewController.h"
2. #import "MKMapView+ZoomLevel.h"
3.  
4. @interface ViewController ()
5.  
6. @end
7.  
8. @implementation ViewController
9.  
10. @synthesize myMapView;
11. @synthesize myLocationManager;
12. @synthesize myGeoCoder;
13. - (void)viewDidLoad
14. {
15.     [super viewDidLoad];
16.    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
17.     // 设置根View的背景颜色
18.     self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0x33 / 255.0f green:0x66 / 255.0f blue:0x99 / 255.0f alpha:0xFF / 255.0f];
19.     // 初始化MapView并且设置MapView显示的边界
20.     self.myMapView = [[MKMapView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
21. // self.myMapView.mapType = MKMapTypeSatellite;
22. // self.myMapView.mapType = MKMapTypeHybrid;
23.     self.myMapView.mapType = MKMapTypeStandard;
24.     self.myMapView.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight;
25.     self.myMapView.delegate = self;
26.  
27.     CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.034122, 116.289574);
28.     MyAnnotation *annotation = [[MyAnnotation alloc]initWithCoordinate:coordinate title:@"我的位置" subTitle:@"这里就是寡人的位置，嘿嘿！"];
29.     annotation.pinColor = MKPinAnnotationColorPurple;
30.  
31.     [self.myMapView addAnnotation:annotation];
32.  
33.  
34.     [self.myMapView setShowsUserLocation:YES];
35.     [self.myMapView setCenterCoordinate:coordinate zoomLevel:15 animated:YES];
36.  
37.     [self.view addSubview:myMapView];
38.  
39.  
40.     if([CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]){
41.         self.myLocationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc]init];
42.         self.myLocationManager.delegate = self;
43. // // 提示用户是否允许当前应用使用地理位置，已过时，在Info.plist中使用NSLocationUsageDescription键值替换
44. // self.myLocationManager.purpose = @"提示用户是否允许当前应用使用位置，已过时";
45.         [self.myLocationManager startUpdatingLocation];
46.     }else{
47.         NSLog(@">>>>>>>>>> 位置服务不可用 <<<<<<<<<<<<");
48.         UIAlertView *alertView = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"提示" message:@"您的位置服务当前不可用，请打开位置服务后重试" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"确定" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
49.         [alertView show];
50.     }
51.  
52.  
53.     CLLocation *location = [[CLLocation alloc]initWithLatitude:40.034122 longitude:116.289574];
54.  
55.     self.myGeoCoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc]init];
56.     [self.myGeoCoder reverseGeocodeLocation:location completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks,NSError *error){
57.         if(error == nil && [placemarks count] > 0){
58.             CLPlacemark *pm = [placemarks objectAtIndex:0];
59.             NSLog(@"国家：%@" ,pm.country);
60.             NSLog(@"邮编：%@",pm.postalCode);
61.             NSLog(@"Locality:%@",pm.locality);
62.         }else if(error == nil && [placemarks count] == 0){
63.             NSLog(@"没有地址返回");
64.         }else if(error != nil){
65.             NSLog(@"出错了：%@",error);
66.         }
67.     }];
68.  
69.     [self.myGeoCoder geocodeAddressString:@"中国北京市海淀区花园东路10号高德大厦" completionHandler:^(NSArray *placemarks,NSError *error){
70.         if(nil == error && [placemarks count] > 0){
71.             NSLog(@"placemarks count:%i",[placemarks count]);
72.             CLPlacemark *pm = [placemarks objectAtIndex:0];
73.             NSLog(@"longitude=%f",pm.location.coordinate.longitude);
74.             NSLog(@"latitude=%f",pm.location.coordinate.latitude);
75.         }else if([placemarks count] == 0 && error == nil){
76.             NSLog(@"找不到给定地址的经纬度");
77.         }else if(nil != nil){
78.             NSLog(@"发生了错误:%@",error);
79.         }
80.     }];
81.  
82.  
83.  
84.  
85.  
86. }
87.  
88. - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
89. {
90.     [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
91.     // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
92.  
93. }
94. -(void)viewDidUnload
95. {
96.     [super viewDidUnload];
97.     self.myMapView = nil;
98.     [self.myLocationManager stopUpdatingLocation];
99.     self.myLocationManager = nil;
100. }
101. -(BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)toInterfaceOrientation
102. {
103.     return YES;
104. }
105.  
106.  
107. /*******************************************************************************************/
108. /*******************************************************************************************/
109. /*************************** MapView的Delegate的方法，全部都是Option的 *************************/
110. /*******************************************************************************************/
111. /*******************************************************************************************/
112. /*******************************************************************************************/
113.  
114. - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionWillChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated {
115.     NSLog(@"mapView:regionWillChangeAnimated:方法被调用");
116. }
117. // 用户的地理位置发生改变的时候调用
118. - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionDidChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated {
119.     NSLog(@"mapView:regionDidChangeAnimated：方法被调用");
120. }
121. // 当地图界面将要加载的时候将会调用这个方法
122. - (void)mapViewWillStartLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView{
123.     NSLog(@"mapViewWillStartLoadingMap:方法被调用");
124. }
125. // 当地图界面加载完成的时候将要调用这个方法
126. - (void)mapViewDidFinishLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView{
127.     NSLog(@"mapViewDidFinishLoadingMap:方法被调用");
128. }
129. // 当地图界面加载失败的时候调用这个方法
130. - (void)mapViewDidFailLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView withError:(NSError *)error{
131.     NSLog(@"mapViewDidFailLoadingMap:withError:方法被调用，error is:%@" , [error description]);
132. }
133. // 添加到地图的Annotation
134. // mapView:viewForAnnotation: provides the view for each annotation.
135. // This method may be called for all or some of the added annotations.
136. // For MapKit provided annotations (eg. MKUserLocation) return nil to use the MapKit provided annotation view.
137. - (MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id <MKAnnotation>)annotation
138. {
139.     MKAnnotationView *view = nil;
140.     if([annotation isKindOfClass:[MyAnnotation class]] == NO){
141.         return view;
142.     }
143.     if([mapView isEqual:self.myMapView] == NO){
144.         return view;
145.     }
146.  
147.     MyAnnotation *senderAnnotation = (MyAnnotation*)annotation;
148.     NSString *pinReusableIdentifier = [MyAnnotation reusableIdentifierForPinColor:senderAnnotation.pinColor];
149.     MKPinAnnotationView *annotationView = (MKPinAnnotationView*)[mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:pinReusableIdentifier];
150.     if(annotationView == nil){
151.         annotationView = [[MKPinAnnotationView alloc]initWithAnnotation:senderAnnotation reuseIdentifier:pinReusableIdentifier];
152.         [annotationView setCanShowCallout:YES];
153.     }
154.     annotationView.pinColor = senderAnnotation.pinColor;
155.  
156.  
157.     NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
158.     NSString *documentPath = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
159.  
160.  
161.     NSString *cachePath = [documentPath stringByAppendingString:@"/images"];
162.     NSString *cacheFile = [cachePath stringByAppendingString:@"icon.image"];
163.  
164.     if([[NSFileManager defaultManager]fileExistsAtPath:cacheFile]){
165.         UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:cacheFile];
166.         if(image != nil){
167.             annotationView.image = image;
168.             NSLog(@"通过本地设置图片");
169.         }else{
170.             [self setAnnotionImageByUrl:annotationView cacheFile:cacheFile];
171.         }
172.     }else{
173.         [self setAnnotionImageByUrl:annotationView cacheFile:cacheFile];
174.     }
175.     view = annotationView;
176.  
177.     return view;
178. }
179.  
180. -(void) setAnnotionImageByUrl:(MKPinAnnotationView *)annotationView cacheFile:(NSString *) cacheFile{
181.     NSLog(@"通过网络设置文件");
182.     dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
183.     dispatch_async(queue, ^{
184.  
185.  
186.  
187.         NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com/img/duanwulogo_94a0060bda0885d1c2320ca0d7d7c342.gif"];
188.         NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
189.  
190.         if(data != nil){
191.  
192.             [data writeToFile:cacheFile atomically:YES];
193.  
194.             UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
195.             dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
196.             dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{
197.                 if(image != nil){
198.                     annotationView.image = image;
199.                 }
200.             });
201.         }
202.     });
203.  
204. }
205.  
206. /**
207.  
208. // mapView:didAddAnnotationViews: is called after the annotation views have been added and positioned in the map.
209. // The delegate can implement this method to animate the adding of the annotations views.
210. // Use the current positions of the annotation views as the destinations of the animation.
211. - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didAddAnnotationViews:(NSArray *)views;
212.  
213. // mapView:annotationView:calloutAccessoryControlTapped: is called when the user taps on left & right callout accessory UIControls.
214. - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view calloutAccessoryControlTapped:(UIControl *)control;
215.  
216. - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didSelectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
217. - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didDeselectAnnotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
218.  
219. - (void)mapViewWillStartLocatingUser:(MKMapView *)mapView NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
220. - (void)mapViewDidStopLocatingUser:(MKMapView *)mapView NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
221. - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didUpdateUserLocation:(MKUserLocation *)userLocation NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
222. - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didFailToLocateUserWithError:(NSError *)error NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
223.  
224. - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view didChangeDragState:(MKAnnotationViewDragState)newState
225. fromOldState:(MKAnnotationViewDragState)oldState NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
226.  
227. - (MKOverlayView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForOverlay:(id <MKOverlay>)overlay NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
228.  
229. // Called after the provided overlay views have been added and positioned in the map.
230. - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didAddOverlayViews:(NSArray *)overlayViews NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 4_0);
231.  
232. - (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didChangeUserTrackingMode:(MKUserTrackingMode)mode animated:(BOOL)animated NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 5_0);
233. */
234.  
235.  
236.  
237.  
238. /*******************************************************************************************/
239. /*******************************************************************************************/
240. /*************************** 位置相关 *************************/
241. /*******************************************************************************************/
242. /*******************************************************************************************/
243. /*******************************************************************************************/
244.  
245. -(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateToLocation:(CLLocation *)newLocation fromLocation:(CLLocation *)oldLocation
246. {
247.     NSLog(@"Latitude=%f",newLocation.coordinate.latitude);
248.     NSLog(@"Longitude=%f",newLocation.coordinate.longitude);
249. }
250. -(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
251. {
252.  
253.     NSLog(@"获得位置失败");
254. }
255.  
256. @end

MKMapView+ZoomLevel.h

1. #import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
2.  
3. @interface MKMapView (ZoomLevel)
4. - (void)setCenterCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)centerCoordinate
5.                   zoomLevel:(NSUInteger)zoomLevel
6.                    animated:(BOOL)animated;
7. @end

MKMapView+ZoomLevel.m

1. #import "MKMapView+ZoomLevel.h"
2.  
3. @implementation MKMapView (ZoomLevel)
4. #define MERCATOR_OFFSET 268435456
5. #define MERCATOR_RADIUS 85445659.44705395
6.  
7. #pragma mark -
8. #pragma mark Map conversion methods
9.  
10. - (double)longitudeToPixelSpaceX:(double)longitude
11. {
12.     return round(MERCATOR_OFFSET + MERCATOR_RADIUS * longitude * M_PI / 180.0);
13. }
14.  
15. - (double)latitudeToPixelSpaceY:(double)latitude
16. {
17.     return round(MERCATOR_OFFSET - MERCATOR_RADIUS * logf((1 + sinf(latitude * M_PI / 180.0)) / (1 - sinf(latitude * M_PI / 180.0))) / 2.0);
18. }
19.  
20. - (double)pixelSpaceXToLongitude:(double)pixelX
21. {
22.     return ((round(pixelX) - MERCATOR_OFFSET) / MERCATOR_RADIUS) * 180.0 / M_PI;
23. }
24.  
25. - (double)pixelSpaceYToLatitude:(double)pixelY
26. {
27.     return (M_PI / 2.0 - 2.0 * atan(exp((round(pixelY) - MERCATOR_OFFSET) / MERCATOR_RADIUS))) * 180.0 / M_PI;
28. }
29.  
30. #pragma mark -
31. #pragma mark Helper methods
32.  
33. - (MKCoordinateSpan)coordinateSpanWithMapView:(MKMapView *)mapView
34.                              centerCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)centerCoordinate
35.                                  andZoomLevel:(NSUInteger)zoomLevel
36. {
37.     // convert center coordiate to pixel space
38.     double centerPixelX = [self longitudeToPixelSpaceX:centerCoordinate.longitude];
39.     double centerPixelY = [self latitudeToPixelSpaceY:centerCoordinate.latitude];
40.  
41.     // determine the scale value from the zoom level
42.     NSInteger zoomExponent = 20 - zoomLevel;
43.     double zoomScale = pow(2, zoomExponent);
44.  
45.     // scale the map‘s size in pixel space
46.     CGSize mapSizeInPixels = mapView.bounds.size;
47.     double scaledMapWidth = mapSizeInPixels.width * zoomScale;
48.     double scaledMapHeight = mapSizeInPixels.height * zoomScale;
49.  
50.     // figure out the position of the top-left pixel
51.     double topLeftPixelX = centerPixelX - (scaledMapWidth / 2);
52.     double topLeftPixelY = centerPixelY - (scaledMapHeight / 2);
53.  
54.     // find delta between left and right longitudes
55.     CLLocationDegrees minLng = [self pixelSpaceXToLongitude:topLeftPixelX];
56.     CLLocationDegrees maxLng = [self pixelSpaceXToLongitude:topLeftPixelX + scaledMapWidth];
57.     CLLocationDegrees longitudeDelta = maxLng - minLng;
58.  
59.     // find delta between top and bottom latitudes
60.     CLLocationDegrees minLat = [self pixelSpaceYToLatitude:topLeftPixelY];
61.     CLLocationDegrees maxLat = [self pixelSpaceYToLatitude:topLeftPixelY + scaledMapHeight];
62.     CLLocationDegrees latitudeDelta = -1 * (maxLat - minLat);
63.  
64.     // create and return the lat/lng span
65.     MKCoordinateSpan span = MKCoordinateSpanMake(latitudeDelta, longitudeDelta);
66.     return span;
67. }
68.  
69. #pragma mark -
70. #pragma mark Public methods
71.  
72. - (void)setCenterCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)centerCoordinate
73.                   zoomLevel:(NSUInteger)zoomLevel
74.                    animated:(BOOL)animated
75. {
76.     // clamp large numbers to 28
77.     zoomLevel = MIN(zoomLevel, 28);
78.  
79.     // use the zoom level to compute the region
80.     MKCoordinateSpan span = [self coordinateSpanWithMapView:self centerCoordinate:centerCoordinate andZoomLevel:zoomLevel];
81.     MKCoordinateRegion region = MKCoordinateRegionMake(centerCoordinate, span);
82.  
83.     // set the region like normal
84.     [self setRegion:region animated:animated];
85. }
86.  
87.  
88. @end

MyAnnotation.h

1. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
2. #import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
3. #import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
4.  
5. #define REUSABLE_PIN_RED @"Red"
6. #define REUSABLE_PIN_GREEN @"Green"
7. #define REUSABLE_PIN_PURPLE @"Purple"
8.  
9. @interface MyAnnotation : NSObject <MKAnnotation>
10.  
11. @property (nonatomic,readonly) CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate;
12. @property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *title;
13. @property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *subtitle;
14.  
15. @property (nonatomic,unsafe_unretained) MKPinAnnotationColor pinColor;
16.  
17. -(id) initWithCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D) coordinate
18.                    title:(NSString*) paramTitle
19.                 subTitle:(NSString*) paramSubTitle;
20. // 得到颜色
21. +(NSString *) reusableIdentifierForPinColor:(MKPinAnnotationColor) paramColor;
22.  
23. @end

MyAnnotation.m

1. #import "MyAnnotation.h"
2.  
3. @implementation MyAnnotation
4.  
5. @synthesize coordinate,title,subtitle,pinColor;
6.  
7. -(id) initWithCoordinate
8. :(CLLocationCoordinate2D) paramCoordinate title:(NSString *)paramTitle subTitle:(NSString *)paramSubTitle
9. {
10.     self = [super init];
11.     if(self != nil){
12.         coordinate = paramCoordinate;
13.         title = paramTitle;
14.         subtitle = paramSubTitle;
15.         pinColor = MKPinAnnotationColorGreen;
16.     }
17.  
18.     return self;
19. }
20.  
21. +(NSString *)reusableIdentifierForPinColor:(MKPinAnnotationColor)paramColor
22. {
23.     NSString *result = nil;
24.     switch (paramColor) {
25.         case MKPinAnnotationColorRed:
26.             result = REUSABLE_PIN_RED;
27.             break;
28.         case MKPinAnnotationColorGreen:
29.             result = REUSABLE_PIN_GREEN;
30.             break;
31.         case MKPinAnnotationColorPurple:
32.             result = REUSABLE_PIN_PURPLE;
33.     }
34.     return result;
35. }
36.  
37. @end

注意，在使用用户的位置的时候,系统会弹出是否允许应用使用位置的对话框，这个对话框中的提示文字，可以自己进行定义

在系统版本是6.0(包括6.0)以上的时候，在Info.plist文件中进行定义

<key>NSLocationUsageDescription</key>

<string>是否可以使用位置？如果需要使用本应用，是必须的！</string>

在6.0以下，这样进行定义

1. // // 提示用户是否允许当前应用使用地理位置，已过时，在Info.plist中使用NSLocationUsageDescription键值替换
2. // self.myLocationManager.purpose = @"提示用户是否允许当前应用使用位置，已过时";
3. 原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/xinye/archive/2013/06/13/3134746.html