android图片加载内存优化方法,有效解决大图片内存溢出(oom)

浏览数：188 / 时间：2015年06月11日

　　低内存的手机如果直接加载大图片,往往会出现OOM的情况.即便是主流手机,也不能无限制的加载大图片.所以在显示图片之前,需要对图片处理,把图片缩放为最合适的尺寸再显示.

　　网上很大方法都是不管三七二十一,直接压缩图片.这样可能会导致图片失真,显示模糊.我采用的方式是,显示尺寸有多大,就等比例压缩成多大尺寸的图片,关键关于在于如何寻找最合适的尺寸,下面分享两个关键方法,提取至google开源框架volley

 

    private static int getResizedDimension(int maxPrimary, int maxSecondary,
            int actualPrimary, int actualSecondary) {
        // If no dominant value at all, just return the actual.
        if (maxPrimary == 0 && maxSecondary == 0) {
            return actualPrimary;
        }

        // If primary is unspecified, scale primary to match secondary‘s scaling
        // ratio.
        if (maxPrimary == 0) {
            double ratio = (double) maxSecondary / (double) actualSecondary;
            return (int) (actualPrimary * ratio);
        }

        if (maxSecondary == 0) {
            return maxPrimary;
        }

        double ratio = (double) actualSecondary / (double) actualPrimary;
        int resized = maxPrimary;
        if (resized * ratio > maxSecondary) {
            resized = (int) (maxSecondary / ratio);
        }
        return resized;
    }

    private static int findBestSampleSize(int actualWidth, int actualHeight,
            int desiredWidth, int desiredHeight) {
        double wr = (double) actualWidth / desiredWidth;
        double hr = (double) actualHeight / desiredHeight;
        double ratio = Math.min(wr, hr);
        float n = 1.0f;
        while ((n * 2) <= ratio) {
            n *= 2;
        }

        return (int) n;
    }

 

 

　　图片源可能来至不同的地方,如Assets,byte[],Bitmap,Uri,Resource,File.针对不同的源采用不同的方法,但是大同小异
public static Bitmap getImageFromAssetsFile(String fileName, int mMaxWidth,
            int mMaxHeight) {
        BitmapFactory.Options decodeOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        Bitmap bitmap = null;
        Config preferredConfig = Config.RGB_565;
        AssetManager am = Global.mAppCxt.getResources().getAssets();
        try {
            if (mMaxWidth == 0 && mMaxHeight == 0) {
                decodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = preferredConfig;
                InputStream is = am.open(fileName);
                bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, decodeOptions);
                is.close();
            } else {
                // If we have to resize this image, first get the natural
                // bounds.
                decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
                decodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = preferredConfig;
                InputStream is = am.open(fileName);
                BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, decodeOptions);
                is.close();
                int actualWidth = decodeOptions.outWidth;
                int actualHeight = decodeOptions.outHeight;

                // Then compute the dimensions we would ideally like to decode
                // to.
                int desiredWidth = getResizedDimension(mMaxWidth, mMaxHeight,
                        actualWidth, actualHeight);
                int desiredHeight = getResizedDimension(mMaxHeight, mMaxWidth,
                        actualHeight, actualWidth);

                // Decode to the nearest power of two scaling factor.
                decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
                // TODO(ficus): Do we need this or is it okay since API 8
                // doesn‘t
                // support it?
                // decodeOptions.inPreferQualityOverSpeed =
                // PREFER_QUALITY_OVER_SPEED;
                decodeOptions.inSampleSize = findBestSampleSize(actualWidth,
                        actualHeight, desiredWidth, desiredHeight);
                decodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = preferredConfig;
                InputStream is2 = am.open(fileName);
                Bitmap tempBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is2, null,
                        decodeOptions);
                is2.close();
                // If necessary, scale down to the maximal acceptable size.
                if (tempBitmap != null
                        && (tempBitmap.getWidth() > desiredWidth || tempBitmap
                                .getHeight() > desiredHeight)) {
                    bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(tempBitmap,
                            desiredWidth, desiredHeight, true);
                    tempBitmap.recycle();
                } else {
                    bitmap = tempBitmap;
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bitmap;
    }

    public static Bitmap getImageFromData(byte[] data, int mMaxWidth,
            int mMaxHeight) {
        BitmapFactory.Options decodeOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        Bitmap bitmap = null;
        if (mMaxWidth == 0 && mMaxHeight == 0) {
            decodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = Config.RGB_565;
            bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length,
                    decodeOptions);
        } else {
            // If we have to resize this image, first get the natural bounds.
            decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
            BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, decodeOptions);
            int actualWidth = decodeOptions.outWidth;
            int actualHeight = decodeOptions.outHeight;

            // Then compute the dimensions we would ideally like to decode to.
            int desiredWidth = getResizedDimension(mMaxWidth, mMaxHeight,
                    actualWidth, actualHeight);
            int desiredHeight = getResizedDimension(mMaxHeight, mMaxWidth,
                    actualHeight, actualWidth);

            // Decode to the nearest power of two scaling factor.
            decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
            // TODO(ficus): Do we need this or is it okay since API 8 doesn‘t
            // support it?
            // decodeOptions.inPreferQualityOverSpeed =
            // PREFER_QUALITY_OVER_SPEED;
            decodeOptions.inSampleSize = findBestSampleSize(actualWidth,
                    actualHeight, desiredWidth, desiredHeight);
            Bitmap tempBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0,
                    data.length, decodeOptions);

            // If necessary, scale down to the maximal acceptable size.
            if (tempBitmap != null
                    && (tempBitmap.getWidth() > desiredWidth || tempBitmap
                            .getHeight() > desiredHeight)) {
                bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(tempBitmap, desiredWidth,
                        desiredHeight, true);
                tempBitmap.recycle();
            } else {
                bitmap = tempBitmap;
            }
        }
        return bitmap;
    }

    public static Bitmap getImageFromBitmap(Bitmap srcBitmap, int mMaxWidth,
            int mMaxHeight) {
        Bitmap bitmap = null;
        if (mMaxWidth == 0 && mMaxHeight == 0) {
            bitmap = srcBitmap;
        } else {
            int actualWidth = srcBitmap.getWidth();
            int actualHeight = srcBitmap.getHeight();

            // Then compute the dimensions we would ideally like to decode to.
            int desiredWidth = getResizedDimension(mMaxWidth, mMaxHeight,
                    actualWidth, actualHeight);
            int desiredHeight = getResizedDimension(mMaxHeight, mMaxWidth,
                    actualHeight, actualWidth);
            bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(srcBitmap, desiredWidth,
                    desiredHeight, true);
        }
        return bitmap;
    }

    public static Bitmap getImageFromUri(Uri uri, int mMaxWidth,
            int mMaxHeight) {
        BitmapFactory.Options decodeOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        Bitmap bitmap = null;
        Config preferredConfig = Config.RGB_565;
        try {
            if (mMaxWidth == 0 && mMaxHeight == 0) {
                decodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = preferredConfig;
                InputStream is = Global.mAppCxt.getContentResolver()
                        .openInputStream(uri);
                bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, decodeOptions);
                is.close();
            } else {
                // If we have to resize this image, first get the natural
                // bounds.
                decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
                decodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = preferredConfig;
                InputStream is = Global.mAppCxt.getContentResolver()
                        .openInputStream(uri);
                BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, decodeOptions);
                is.close();
                int actualWidth = decodeOptions.outWidth;
                int actualHeight = decodeOptions.outHeight;

                // Then compute the dimensions we would ideally like to decode
                // to.
                int desiredWidth = getResizedDimension(mMaxWidth, mMaxHeight,
                        actualWidth, actualHeight);
                int desiredHeight = getResizedDimension(mMaxHeight, mMaxWidth,
                        actualHeight, actualWidth);

                // Decode to the nearest power of two scaling factor.
                decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
                // TODO(ficus): Do we need this or is it okay since API 8
                // doesn‘t
                // support it?
                // decodeOptions.inPreferQualityOverSpeed =
                // PREFER_QUALITY_OVER_SPEED;
                decodeOptions.inSampleSize = findBestSampleSize(actualWidth,
                        actualHeight, desiredWidth, desiredHeight);
                decodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = preferredConfig;
                InputStream is2 = Global.mAppCxt.getContentResolver()
                        .openInputStream(uri);
                Bitmap tempBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is2, null,
                        decodeOptions);
                is2.close();
                // If necessary, scale down to the maximal acceptable size.
                if (tempBitmap != null
                        && (tempBitmap.getWidth() > desiredWidth || tempBitmap
                                .getHeight() > desiredHeight)) {
                    bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(tempBitmap,
                            desiredWidth, desiredHeight, true);
                    tempBitmap.recycle();
                } else {
                    bitmap = tempBitmap;
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bitmap;
    }

    public static Bitmap getImageFromResource(int resId, int mMaxWidth,
            int mMaxHeight) {
        BitmapFactory.Options decodeOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        Bitmap bitmap = null;
        Config preferredConfig = Config.RGB_565;
        try {
            if (mMaxWidth == 0 && mMaxHeight == 0) {
                decodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = preferredConfig;
                InputStream is = Global.mAppCxt.getResources().openRawResource(
                        resId);
                bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, decodeOptions);
                is.close();
            } else {
                // If we have to resize this image, first get the natural
                // bounds.
                decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
                decodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = preferredConfig;
                InputStream is = Global.mAppCxt.getResources().openRawResource(
                        resId);
                BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, decodeOptions);
                is.close();
                int actualWidth = decodeOptions.outWidth;
                int actualHeight = decodeOptions.outHeight;

                // Then compute the dimensions we would ideally like to decode
                // to.
                int desiredWidth = getResizedDimension(mMaxWidth, mMaxHeight,
                        actualWidth, actualHeight);
                int desiredHeight = getResizedDimension(mMaxHeight, mMaxWidth,
                        actualHeight, actualWidth);

                // Decode to the nearest power of two scaling factor.
                decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
                // TODO(ficus): Do we need this or is it okay since API 8
                // doesn‘t
                // support it?
                // decodeOptions.inPreferQualityOverSpeed =
                // PREFER_QUALITY_OVER_SPEED;
                decodeOptions.inSampleSize = findBestSampleSize(actualWidth,
                        actualHeight, desiredWidth, desiredHeight);
                decodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = preferredConfig;
                InputStream is2 = Global.mAppCxt.getResources()
                        .openRawResource(resId);
                Bitmap tempBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is2, null,
                        decodeOptions);
                is2.close();
                // If necessary, scale down to the maximal acceptable size.
                if (tempBitmap != null
                        && (tempBitmap.getWidth() > desiredWidth || tempBitmap
                                .getHeight() > desiredHeight)) {
                    bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(tempBitmap,
                            desiredWidth, desiredHeight, true);
                    tempBitmap.recycle();
                } else {
                    bitmap = tempBitmap;
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bitmap;
    }

    public static Bitmap getImageFromFile(File file, int mMaxWidth,
            int mMaxHeight) {
        BitmapFactory.Options decodeOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        Bitmap bitmap = null;
        Config preferredConfig = Config.RGB_565;
        try {
            if (mMaxWidth == 0 && mMaxHeight == 0) {
                bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(file.getPath());
            } else {
                // If we have to resize this image, first get the natural
                // bounds.
                decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
                decodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = preferredConfig;
                bitmap = BitmapFactory
                        .decodeFile(file.getPath(), decodeOptions);
                int actualWidth = decodeOptions.outWidth;
                int actualHeight = decodeOptions.outHeight;

                // Then compute the dimensions we would ideally like to decode
                // to.
                int desiredWidth = getResizedDimension(mMaxWidth, mMaxHeight,
                        actualWidth, actualHeight);
                int desiredHeight = getResizedDimension(mMaxHeight, mMaxWidth,
                        actualHeight, actualWidth);

                // Decode to the nearest power of two scaling factor.
                decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
                // TODO(ficus): Do we need this or is it okay since API 8
                // doesn‘t
                // support it?
                // decodeOptions.inPreferQualityOverSpeed =
                // PREFER_QUALITY_OVER_SPEED;
                decodeOptions.inSampleSize = findBestSampleSize(actualWidth,
                        actualHeight, desiredWidth, desiredHeight);
                decodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = preferredConfig;
                Bitmap tempBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(file.getPath(),
                        decodeOptions);
                // If necessary, scale down to the maximal acceptable size.
                if (tempBitmap != null
                        && (tempBitmap.getWidth() > desiredWidth || tempBitmap
                                .getHeight() > desiredHeight)) {
                    bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(tempBitmap,
                            desiredWidth, desiredHeight, true);
                    tempBitmap.recycle();
                } else {
                    bitmap = tempBitmap;
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return bitmap;
    }
View Code

　　关键代码decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;指得是只绘制边界,不直接加载图片,通过边界尺寸再结合之前的两个方法计算最合适的尺寸后才加载图片
　　Config preferredConfig = Config.RGB_565;不支持透明度,如果需要透明度,就替换成ARGB_8888,但是内存占用会增加一倍.具体可以参考源码的解释
　　RGB_565,Each pixel is stored on 2 bytes
　　ARGB_8888,Each pixel is stored on 4 bytes

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