MPLS VPN 网络中的OSPF Sham-Link
实验拓扑图
实验描述：如上图所示，现PE-R1、P-R2、PE-R3为MPLS VPN网络，两CE客户需要通过MPLS VPN骨干网络进行通信，并且CE-R4与CE-R6之间有一条链路作为备份链路，正常情况要，R4至R6的流量通过MPLS VPN网络走，当MPLS VPN网络存在故障时，通过R4与R6之间的互联链路走，下面配置OSPF Sham-Link实现上述要求。
1、首先配置MP-BGP，MPLS，VRF，PE与CE的OSPF路由协议
PE-R1的配置：
R1#show runn
ip vrf Mao
rd 100:10
route-target export 100:10
route-target import 100:11
!
ip cef
mpls label range 100 199
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip vrf forwarding Mao
ip address 14.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
router ospf 2 vrf Mao
redistribute bgp 100 subnets
network 14.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 1
!
router ospf 1
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
!
router bgp 100
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no bgp default ipv4-unicast
neighbor 3.3.3.3 remote-as 100
neighbor 3.3.3.3 update-source Loopback0
!
address-family vpnv4
neighbor 3.3.3.3 activate
neighbor 3.3.3.3 send-community extended
exit-address-family
!
address-family ipv4 vrf Mao
redistribute ospf 2 match internal external 1 external 2
exit-address-family
P-R2配置：
ip cef
mpls label range 200 299
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 23.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
router ospf 1
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
PE-R3配置：
R3#show runn
ip vrf Mao
rd 100:10
route-target export 100:11
route-target import 100:10
ip cef
mpls label range 300 399
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
mpls ip
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip vrf forwarding Mao
ip address 36.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
!
router ospf 2 vrf Mao
redistribute bgp 100 subnets
network 36.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 1
!
router ospf 1
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
!
router bgp 100
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no bgp default ipv4-unicast
neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 100
neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0
!
address-family vpnv4
neighbor 1.1.1.1 activate
neighbor 1.1.1.1 send-community extended
exit-address-family
!
address-family ipv4 vrf Mao
redistribute ospf 2 match internal external 1 external 2
exit-address-family
CE-R4的配置：
interface Loopback0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 14.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 46.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
!
router ospf 10
router-id 4.4.4.4
network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 1
network 14.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 1
network 46.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 1
CE-R6的配置：
interface Loopback0
ip address 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 36.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 46.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
router ospf 2
router-id 6.6.6.6
network 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0 area 1
network 36.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 1
network 46.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 1
2、CE端路由情况分析
查看CE端路由情况
R4#show ip route
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0
6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 6.6.6.6 [110/2] via 46.1.1.2, 00:10:24, FastEthernet0/1
14.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 14.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L 14.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
36.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 36.1.1.0 [110/2] via 46.1.1.2, 00:10:24, FastEthernet0/1
46.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 46.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
L 46.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
从CE-R4看到6.6.6.6路由为区域内路由，是由于CE-R4与CE-R6之间互联的线路运行OSPF，并且在区域1中，而从MPLS VPN骨干网络中传过来的6.6.6.6路由为区域间路由；而OSPF的选路原则是区域内路由优于区域间路由；
在PE-R1上查看VPNV4路由，也可以看到6.6.6.6的路由，下一跳指向的是CE-R4，如下：
R1#show ip bgp vpnv4 all
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
Route Distinguisher: 100:10 (default for vrf Mao)
* i 4.4.4.4/32 3.3.3.3 3 100 0 ?
*> 14.1.1.2 2 32768 ?
*> 6.6.6.6/32 14.1.1.2 3 32768 ?
* i 3.3.3.3 2 100 0 ?
* i 14.1.1.0/30 3.3.3.3 3 100 0 ?
*> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
*> 36.1.1.0/30 14.1.1.2 3 32768 ?
* i 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 ?
*> 46.1.1.0/30 14.1.1.2 2 32768 ?
* i 3.3.3.3 2 100 0 ?
R1#show ip route vrf Mao
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 4.4.4.4 [110/2] via 14.1.1.2, 00:40:39, FastEthernet0/0
6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 6.6.6.6 [110/3] via 14.1.1.2, 00:23:00, FastEthernet0/0
14.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 14.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L 14.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
36.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 36.1.1.0 [110/3] via 14.1.1.2, 00:23:00, FastEthernet0/0
46.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 46.1.1.0 [110/2] via 14.1.1.2, 00:23:00, FastEthernet0/0
当将CE-R4与CE-R6互联的线路shutdown后，查看R4的路由如下：
R4(config)#int fa0/1
R4(config-if)#shutdown
R4#show ip route
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0
6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/3] via 14.1.1.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0
14.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 14.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L 14.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
36.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 36.1.1.0 [110/2] via 14.1.1.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0
46.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 46.1.1.0 [110/3] via 14.1.1.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0
现在看到的路由是区域间路由，是PE-R1传过来的，为实现网络的可靠性，正常情况下，R4与R6之间的链路是备份线路，平时数据通过MPLS VPN传递，为实现上述R4路由输出情况，现在在PE路由器之间配置Sham-Link实现两CE端日常数据通过MPLS VPN网络传递，当MPLS VPN网络出现故障时，数据流量切换至R4与R6的互联线路，以便不影响两CE端的互访。
3、Sham-Link配置
R1(config)#int loo 11 //用于建立OSPF Sham-Link
R1(config-if)#ip vrf forwarding Mao
R1(config-if)#ip add 11.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
R1(config)#router bgp 100
R1(config-router)#address-family ipv4 vrf Mao
R1(config-router-af)#network 11.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255 //将其发布至MP-BGP中
R1(config)#router ospf 2 vrf Mao
R1(config-router)#area 1 sham-link 11.1.1.1 33.1.1.1 cost 5 //创建sham-link
R3(config)#int loo 33
R3(config-if)#ip vrf forwarding Mao
R3(config-if)#ip add 33.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
R3(config)#router bgp 100
R3(config-router)#address-family ipv4 vrf Mao
R3(config-router-af)#network 33.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255
R3(config)#router ospf 2 vrf Mao
R3(config-router)#area 1 sham-link 33.1.1.1 11.1.1.1 cost 5
查看其邻居是否建立成功，可用show ip ospf neighbor或者show ip ospf sham-link
R3#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.2 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:36 23.1.1.1 FastEthernet0/0
14.1.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:30 11.1.1.1 OSPF_SL0
6.6.6.6 1 FULL/DR 00:00:36 36.1.1.2 FastEthernet0/1
R3#show ip ospf sham-links
Sham Link OSPF_SL0 to address 11.1.1.1 is up
Area 1 source address 33.1.1.1
Run as demand circuit
DoNotAge LSA allowed. Cost of using 5 State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40,
Hello due in 00:00:04
Adjacency State FULL (Hello suppressed)
Index 2/2, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 0
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last retransmission scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
4、Sham-link配置分析及结果分析
上面sham-link的配置设置了cost值为5，那么PE-PE之间这条sham-link的开销值就为5，此时查看R4上的路由，6.6.6.6的路由下一跳还是直接指向R6，并没有走MPLS VPN网络。
R4#show ip route
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0
6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 6.6.6.6 [110/2] via 46.1.1.2, 00:13:09, FastEthernet0/1
11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 11.1.1.1 [110/1] via 14.1.1.1, 00:10:07, FastEthernet0/0
14.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 14.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L 14.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
33.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 33.1.1.1 [110/1] via 14.1.1.1, 00:09:31, FastEthernet0/0
36.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 36.1.1.0 [110/2] via 46.1.1.2, 00:13:09, FastEthernet0/1
46.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 46.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
L 46.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
查看R1上的bgp vpnv4 6.6.6.6的路由情况
R1#show ip bgp vpnv4 all 6.6.6.6
BGP routing table entry for 100:10:6.6.6.6/32, version 43
Paths: (2 available, best #1, table Mao)
Advertised to update-groups:
1
Refresh Epoch 1
Local
14.1.1.2 from 0.0.0.0 (1.1.1.1) //来至CE-R4，并且是最优
Origin incomplete, metric 3, localpref 100, weight 32768, valid, sourced, best
Extended Community: RT:100:10 OSPF DOMAIN ID:0x0005:0x000000020200
OSPF RT:0.0.0.1:2:0 OSPF ROUTER ID:14.1.1.1:0
mpls labels in/out 108/nolabel
rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0
Refresh Epoch 1
Local
3.3.3.3 (metric 3) from 3.3.3.3 (3.3.3.3) //来至PE-R3，不是最优的
Origin incomplete, metric 2, localpref 100, valid, internal //metric 为2
Extended Community: RT:100:11 OSPF DOMAIN ID:0x0005:0x000000020200
OSPF RT:0.0.0.1:2:0 OSPF ROUTER ID:36.1.1.1:0
mpls labels in/out 108/307
rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0
从上述路由输出分析可知，R6直接传给R4（之间互联线路）的6.6.6.6的路由，其OSPF开销值为2；而从MPLS VPN网络经PE-R3传至PE-R1的6.6.6.6路由的开销值为2，如果传递至R4，那么开销值为8（5+2+1），其值大于R6直接传给R4的开销值，因此R6直接传给R4的6.6.6.6的路由将会加入路由表项，因此在R4的路由表中将会看到6.6.6.6的下一跳还是指向46.1.1.2。
要想实现两CE端互访通过MPLS VPN网络，可以修改COST值来实现，现修改R4与R6互联接口的ospf cost值；
R4(config)#int fa0/1
R4(config-if)#ip ospf cost 10 将其cost值设置大于通过MPLS VPN的cost值
R6(config)#int fa0/1
R6(config-if)#ip ospf cost 10
现在R4上查看路由表情况
R4#show ip route
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0
6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 6.6.6.6 [110/8] via 14.1.1.1, 00:25:30, FastEthernet0/0 //下一跳指向PE-R1
11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 11.1.1.1 [110/1] via 14.1.1.1, 00:44:40, FastEthernet0/0
14.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 14.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L 14.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
33.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 33.1.1.1 [110/1] via 14.1.1.1, 00:44:04, FastEthernet0/0
36.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 36.1.1.0 [110/7] via 14.1.1.1, 00:25:30, FastEthernet0/0
46.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 46.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
L 46.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
测试：
R4#traceroute 6.6.6.6
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 6.6.6.6
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 14.1.1.1 136 msec 84 msec 92 msec
2 12.1.1.2 [MPLS: Labels 201/307 Exp 0] 140 msec 124 msec 144 msec
3 36.1.1.1 [MPLS: Label 307 Exp 0] 120 msec 112 msec 60 msec
4 36.1.1.2 156 msec 168 msec 112 msec
//307为MP-BGP分配的内层标签
5、总结
配置sham-link时要根据CE端备份链路所在区域来配置所属区域，如果配置其它区域，该PE发布的至CE端路由将会变成区域间路由，优先级低于区域内路由，因此需要将sham-link配置与备份链路所属区域在同一区域中。如果两CE端没有备份链路，也就不需要配置sham-link链路了。
在调整CE端的选路时，需要根据sham-link配置的COST值及备份链路的接口cost值来完成。
本文出自 “暮云风潇” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://muyun.blog.51cto.com/952166/1584754
郑重声明：本站内容如果来自互联网及其他传播媒体，其版权均属原媒体及文章作者所有。转载目的在于传递更多信息及用于网络分享，并不代表本站赞同其观点和对其真实性负责，也不构成任何其他建议。
