12. PowShell- 对WMI对象的操作
PowerShell -- 对WMI对象的操作
什么是WMI 对象
它是作为一个基本的数据库存在于windows 系统中的。我们可以连接WMI服务请求查询其中所包含的信息。Root\cimv2是WMI的一个命名空间，每个命名空间下有不同的WMI对象成员。CIMV2是其默认设置；
WMI包括系统各方面的内容：
机器信息：制造商，型号，序列号等
BIOS信息；
OS 信息；
CPU信息: 种类，制造商，速度，版本
服务器内存总量
磁盘信息：容量、格式等
网络信息：MAC,IP等
其他信息
使用PowerShell查看 WMI 对象
实例一：列出WMI对象
Get-wmiobject –list –namespace “root\CIMV2”
部分结果：
PS C:\> Get-wmiobject -list -namespace "root\CIMV2"
NameSpace: ROOT\CIMV2
Name Methods Properties
---- ------- ----------
__SystemClass {} {}
__thisNAMESPACE {} {SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR}
__Provider {} {Name}
__Win32Provider {} {ClientLoadableCLSI...
__ProviderRegistration {} {provider}
__EventProviderRegistration {} {EventQueryList, pr...
__ObjectProviderRegistration {} {InteractionType, p...
__ClassProviderRegistration {} {CacheRefreshInterv...
__InstanceProviderRegistration {} {InteractionType, p...
__MethodProviderRegistration {} {provider}
__PropertyProviderRegistration {} {provider,Supports...
__EventConsumerProviderRegistration {} {ConsumerClassNames...
__NAMESPACE {} {Name}
__IndicationRelated {} {}
__EventFilter {} {CreatorSID,EventA...
__EventConsumer {} {CreatorSID,Machin...
__FilterToConsumerBinding {} {Consumer,CreatorS...
__AggregateEvent {} {NumberOfEvents, Re...
__TimerNextFiring {} {NextEvent64BitTime...
__Event {} {SECURITY_DESCRIPTO...
__ExtrinsicEvent {} {SECURITY_DESCRIPTO...
Win32_DeviceChangeEvent {} {EventType,SECURIT...
实例二：查看具体某个类的成员，例如类（win32_process）
Get-wmiobject –class win32_process –namespace “root\CIMV2” | get-member
部分结果：
PS C:\> Get-wmiobject -class win32_process -namespace"root\CIMV2" | get-member
TypeName:System.Management.ManagementObject#root\CIMV2\Win32_Process
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
Handles AliasProperty Handles =Handlecount
ProcessName AliasProperty ProcessName = Name
PSComputerName AliasProperty PSComputerName =__SERVER
VM AliasProperty VM = VirtualSize
WS AliasProperty WS = WorkingSetSize
AttachDebugger Method System.Management.ManagementBaseOb...
GetAvailableVirtualSize Method System.Management.ManagementBaseOb...
GetOwner Method System.Management.ManagementBaseOb...
GetOwnerSid Method System.Management.ManagementBaseOb...
SetPriority Method System.Management.ManagementBaseOb...
Terminate Method System.Management.ManagementBaseOb...
Caption Property string Caption{get;set;}
CommandLine Property string CommandLine{get;set;}
CreationClassName Property stringCreationClassName {get;set;}
实例三：查看BIOS信息
Get-wmiobject –class win32_bios –namespace “root\CIMV2”
结果：
PS C:\> Get-wmiobject -class win32_bios -namespace"root\CIMV2"
SMBIOSBIOSVersion : A05
Manufacturer : Dell Inc.
Name : Default SystemBIOS
SerialNumber : GB1Q53X
Version : DELL - 6222004
实例四：查看服务信息
Get-wmiobject –class win32_service –namespace “root\CIMV2” | format-list *
部分结果：
PS C:\> Get-wmiobject -class win32_service -namespace "root\CIMV2" | format-li
st *
PSComputerName : COMPUTER1
Name :AdobeARMservice
Status : OK
ExitCode : 0
DesktopInteract : False
ErrorControl : Ignore
PathName :"C:\Program Files (x86)\Common
Files\Adobe\ARM\1.0\armsvc.exe"
ServiceType : OwnProcess
StartMode : Auto
__GENUS : 2
__CLASS :Win32_Service
__SUPERCLASS :Win32_BaseService
__DYNASTY : CIM_ManagedSystemElement
__RELPATH :Win32_Service.Name="AdobeARMservice"
__PROPERTY_COUNT : 25
__DERIVATION :{Win32_BaseService, CIM_Service, CIM_LogicalElement,
CIM_ManagedSystemElement}
__SERVER : COMPUTER1
__NAMESPACE :root\CIMV2
__PATH : \\COMPUTER1\root\CIMV2:Win32_Service.Name="Adobe
ARMservice"
AcceptPause : False
AcceptStop : True
Caption : AdobeAcrobat Update Service
CheckPoint : 0
CreationClassName :Win32_Service
Description : AdobeAcrobat Updater keeps your Adobe software up
to date.
DisplayName : AdobeAcrobat Update Service
InstallDate :
ProcessId : 1780
ServiceSpecificExitCode : 0
Started : True
StartName :LocalSystem
State : Running
SystemCreationClassName : Win32_ComputerSystem
SystemName : COMPUTER1
TagId : 0
WaitHint : 0
Scope :System.Management.ManagementScope
Path : \\COMPUTER1\root\CIMV2:Win32_Service.Name="Adobe
ARMservice"
实例五：查看机器信息
get-wmiobject -class win32_computersystem |format-list * <enter>
部分结果：
PS C:\> get-wmiobject -class win32_computersystem | format-list *
PSComputerName : COMPUTER1
AdminPasswordStatus : 0
BootupState :Normal boot
ChassisBootupState : 3
KeyboardPasswordStatus : 0
PowerOnPasswordStatus : 0
PowerSupplyState : 3
PowerState : 0
FrontPanelResetStatus : 0
ThermalState : 3
Status : OK
Name : COMPUTER1
PowerManagementCapabilities :
PowerManagementSupported :
__GENUS : 2
__CLASS :Win32_ComputerSystem
__SUPERCLASS :CIM_UnitaryComputerSystem
__DYNASTY :CIM_ManagedSystemElement
__RELPATH :Win32_ComputerSystem.Name="COMPUTER1"
__PROPERTY_COUNT : 60
__DERIVATION :{CIM_UnitaryComputerSystem, CIM_ComputerSystem,
CIM_System, CIM_LogicalElement...}
__SERVER : COMPUTER1
__NAMESPACE :root\cimv2
__PATH : \\COMPUTER1\root\cimv2:Win32_ComputerSystem.
Name="COMPUTER1"
AutomaticManagedPagefile : True
AutomaticResetBootOption : True
AutomaticResetCapability : True
实例六：查询本地计算机的网络信息
$name="."
$items = get-wmiObject -class win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration -namespace"root\CIMV2" -ComputerName $name | where{$_.IPEnabled -eq“True”}
foreach($objin $items) {
Write-Host "DHCP Enabled:"$obj.DHCPEnabled
Write-Host "IP Address:" $obj.IPAddress
Write-Host "Subnet Mask:"$obj.IPSubnet
Write-Host "Gateway:"$obj.DefaultIPGateway
Write-Host "MAC Address:"$ojb.MACAddress
}
实例七：查询其他计算机的网络信息
$name=read-host "Enter Computer Name"
write-host "Computer:"$name
$items = get-wmiObject -class win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration ‘
-namespace "root\CIMV2" -ComputerName $name |where{$_.IPEnabled -eq “True”}
foreach($obj in $items) {
Write-Host "DHCP Enabled:" $obj.DHCPEnabled
Write-Host "IP Address:" $obj.IPAddress
Write-Host "Subnet Mask:" $obj.IPSubnet
Write-Host "Gateway:" $obj.DefaultIPGateway
Write-Host "MAC Address:" $ojb.MACAddress
}
PowerShell 使用其他WMI对象的方法
查询方法
Get-WmiObject Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration | Get-Member -MemberTypeMethods | Format-List
列出的可用的方法有：
DisableIPSec
EnableDHCP
EnableIPSec
EnableStatic
ReleaseDHCPLease
RenewDHCPLease
SetDNSDomain
SetDNSServerSearchOrder
SetDynamicDNSRegistration
SetGateways
SetIPConnectionMetric
SetIPXFrameTypeNetworkPairs
SetTcpipNetbios
SetWINSServer
ConvertFromDateTime
ConvertToDateTime
Delete
GetType
Put
调用方法
实例一：我们可以使用如下命令来改变DHCP设置：
$Network=get-wmiobject win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration | where{
$_.IPEnabled -eq "true"}
foreach($NIC in $Network){
$NIC.EnableDHCP()}
实例一解释：这段脚本首先会判断"IPEnable"是否为真，如果是，则开启DHCP，否则不进行操作。
实例二：类"Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration"还具有另外的方法，如"$NIC.SetDNSServerSearchOrder()"，可以使用这个方法改变DNS设置，改变是否“自动获取DNS”的设置。
$Network=get-wmiobject win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration |where{$_.IPEnabled -eq "true"}
foreach($NIC in $Network){
$NIC.EnableDHCP()
$NIC.SetDNSServerSearchOrder()
}
查询属性
PSC:\> Get-WmiObject Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration | Get-Member –MemberType Property | Format-List
TypeName :System.Management.ManagementObject#root\cimv2\Win32_NetworkAdapter
Configuration
Name : ArpAlwaysSourceRoute
MemberType : Property
Definition : bool ArpAlwaysSourceRoute {get;set;}
TypeName :System.Management.ManagementObject#root\cimv2\Win32_NetworkAdapter
Configuration
Name : ArpUseEtherSNAP
MemberType : Property
Definition : bool ArpUseEtherSNAP {get;set;}
TypeName :System.Management.ManagementObject#root\cimv2\Win32_NetworkAdapter
Configuration
Name : Caption
MemberType : Property
Definition : string Caption {get;set;}
TypeName :System.Management.ManagementObject#root\cimv2\Win32_NetworkAdapter
Configuration
Name : DatabasePath
MemberType : Property
Definition : string DatabasePath {get;set;}
TypeName :System.Management.ManagementObject#root\cimv2\Win32_NetworkAdapter
Configuration
Name : DeadGWDetectEnabled
MemberType : Property
Definition : bool DeadGWDetectEnabled {get;set;}
参考：http://marui.blog.51cto.com/1034148/296083
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